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Cover; Title Page; Copyright Page; Contents; Preface; Part 1: Silicon Photovoltaics; 1 Emergence of Continuous Czochralski (CCZ) Growth for Monocrystalline Silicon Photovoltaics; 1.1 Introduction; 1.1.1 The Czochralski (CZ) Process; 1.1.2 Continuous Czochralski Process (CCZ); 1.2 Continuous Czochralski Process Implementations; 1.3 Solar Cells Fabricated Using CCZ Ingots; 1.3.1 n-Type Mono-Si High-Efficiency Cells; 1.3.2 Gallium-Doped p-Type Silicon Solar Cells; 1.4 Conclusions; References; 2 Materials Chemistry and Physics for Low-Cost Silicon Photovoltaics; 2.1 Introduction

2.2 Crystalline Silicon in Traditional/Classic Solar Cells2.2.1 Manufacturing of Silicon Solar Cell; 2.2.2 Efficiency Loss in Silicon Solar Cell; 2.2.3 New Strategies for the Silicon Solar Cell; 2.3 Low-Cost Crystalline Silicon; 2.3.1 Metallurgical Silicon; 2.3.2 Upgraded Metallurgical-Grade Silicon; 2.3.2.1 Properties of Upgraded Metallurgical-Grade Silicon; 2.3.2.2 Production of Upgraded Metallurgical-Grade Silicon; 2.3.2.3 Development of Upgraded Metallurgical-Grade Silicon Solar Cells; 2.3.3 High-Performance Multicrystalline Silicon; 2.3.3.1 Crystal Growth

2.3.3.2 Material Properties of High-Performance Multicrystalline Silicon2.3.3.3 Solar Cell Based on High-Performance Multicrystalline Silicon; 2.4 Advanced p-Type Silicon-in Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell (PERC); 2.4.1 Passivated Emitter Solar Cells; 2.4.1.1 Passivated Emitter Solar Cell (PESC); 2.4.1.2 Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell; 2.4.1.3 Passivated Emitter, Rear Locally Diffused Solar Cells; 2.4.1.4 Passivated Emitter, Rear Totally Diffused Solar Cells; 2.4.2 Surface Passivation; 2.5 Advanced n-Type Silicon; 2.5.1 Interdigitated Back Contact (IBC) Solar Cell

2.5.2 Silicon Heterojunction (SHJ) Solar Cells2.5.2.1 The Device Structure and the Advantages of HIT Solar Cells; 2.5.2.2 Strategies of Achieving High-Efficiency HIT Solar Cell; 2.6 Conclusion; References; 3 Recycling Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Modules; 3.1 Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment; 3.2 Photovoltaic Modules; 3.2.1 First-Generation Photovoltaic Modules; 3.3 Recyclability of Waste Photovoltaic Modules; 3.3.1 Frame; 3.3.2 Superstrate (Front Glass); 3.3.3 Metallic Filaments (Busbars); 3.3.4 Photovoltaic Cell; 3.3.5 Polymers; 3.3.6 Recyclability Summary

3.4 Separation and Recovery of Materials: The Recycling Process3.4.1 Mechanical and Physical Processes; 3.4.1.1 Shredding; 3.4.1.2 Sieving; 3.4.1.3 Density Separation; 3.4.1.4 Manual Separation; 3.4.1.5 Electrostatic Separation; 3.4.2 Thermal Processes-Polymers; 3.4.3 Separation Using Organic Solvents; 3.4.4 Pyrometallurgy; 3.4.5 Hydrometallurgy; 3.4.6 Electrometallurgy; 3.5 New Trends in the Recycling Processes; References; Part 2: Emerging Photovoltaic Materials; 4 Photovoltaics in Ferroelectric Materials: Origin, Challenges and Opportunities

4.1 Physics of the Photovoltaic Effect in Ferroelectrics