Cover; Half Title; Title Page; Copyright Page; Table of Contents; Preface; Acknowledgements; 1: Introduction; 2: Historic Substrate Characterisation and Modelling; 2.1 Deterioration of Stone and Historic Mortars; 2.1.1 Natural Stone: Introduction; 2.1.2 Classification of Rocks; 2.1.3 Weathering of Building Stones; 2.1.3.1 General remarks; 2.1.3.2 Weathering phenomena and processes; 2.1.3.3 Principle conclusions and issues of conservation; 2.1.4 Defects and Failures on Historical Mortar; 2.1.4.1 Surface layers; 2.1.4.2 Defects and failures: cracks; 2.1.4.3 Deformations.

2.1.4.4 Detachment of layers from the substrate typically combined with deformation2.1.4.5 Detachment, or loss of adhesion of a layer to the substrate; 2.1.4.6 Damage due to material degradation; 2.1.4.7 Damage due to loss of material; 2.2 Physical Properties and Their Characterisation; 2.2.1 Testing Material and Test Specimens; 2.2.2 Mechanical Characteristics; 2.2.2.1 Non-standard destructive testing of the strength characteristics of historical substrates; 2.2.2.2 Non-destructive testing of mechanical characteristics; 2.2.3 Other Physical Characteristics.

2.3 Physical Modelling and Testing of Consolidation Effects2.3.1 Assessment of Consolidation Effects; 2.3.2 Test Specimens for Material Testing; 2.3.3 Laboratory Tests of Consolidation Effects on Stone; 2.3.4 Laboratory Tests of Consolidation Effects on Mortar; 2.3.5 Laboratory Testing of Consolidation Effects on Compacted Sand or Crushed Stone; 2.3.6 In situ Testing of Consolidation Effects on Stone and Plaster; 2.4 Microscopy as a Tool for the Characterisation of Materials; 2.4.1 Introduction; 2.4.2 Light Microscopy; 2.4.3 Scanning Electron Microscopy; 2.4.4 Conclusion.

2.5 Chemical Composition, Chemical Reactivity and Their Determination2.5.1 Introduction; 2.5.2 Determination of the Salt Content of Stone, Mortar and Plaster; 2.5.3 Quantitative Mortar Analyses; 3: Inorganic Binders and Consolidants: A Critical Review; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Characteristics of Aqueous Calcium Hydroxide Suspensions; 3.2.1 Air Lime; 3.2.2 Hydraulic Lime; 3.3 Dissolved Inorganic Components Used for Consolidation; 3.3.1 Lime Water; 3.3.2 Barium Hydroxide; 3.4 Consolidants Based on Silicates; 3.4.1 Introduction; 3.4.2 Fluorosilicates; 3.4.3 Soluble Alkali Metal Silicates.

3.4.4 Colloidal Silica3.5 Other Consolidants; 3.5.1 Ammonium Phosphates; 3.5.2 Ammonium Oxalate; 3.5.3 Tartaric Acid; 3.5.4 Biomineralisation; 3.6 Nanomaterials; 3.7 Conclusion; 4: Fundamentals of Nanolime; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Physico-Chemical Properties of Calcium Hydroxide Nanosols; 4.2.1 Sedimentation Stability; 4.2.2 Penetration Behaviour of Calcium Hydroxide Nanosols; 4.3 Carbonation of Nanolime Dispersions; 4.3.1 Introduction; 4.3.2 Carbonation of Lime in Aqueous Dispersions; 4.3.3 Carbonation of Alcoholic Calcium Hydroxide Dispersions; 4.3.3.1 Solubility effects.

The conservation and protection of buildings that constitute our cultural heritage are complex tasks calling for a comprehensive knowledge of the historical background of the buildings, as well as the construction technologies and materials used. Nanomaterials in Architecture and Art Conservation gives a comprehensive overview of the state of the art of using nanomaterials in conservation sciences, mainly for stone, mortar and plaster strengthening, but also for the consolidation of wall paintings. The book compiles and details deterioration mechanisms of stone and historical mortars, as well as methods of characterising and testing consolidation effects. The non- or semi-destructive characterisation methods that will be presented allow additional measurements to characterise objects before and after any interventions. Besides, general aspects of inorganic consolidants are targeted. The focus, in particular, is the application of nanolime as a new consolidation agent. Basic characteristics and application advices as well as beneficial combinations with other consolidation agents, such as silicic acid esters, are emphasised. What makes this book so special is the large number of practical applications described from the viewpoint of different restorers, offering a direct inside view of the procedure for the conservation of historical monuments. Restorers dealing with stone, mortar and plaster conservation; artists; advanced undergraduate- and graduate-level students of conservation science, art and nanotechnology; offices for the protection of monuments and heritage agencies; and researchers in materials science, conservation, nanotechnology and chemistry, especially those with an interest in applied sciences, will find this book a great reference.

OCLC-licensed vendor bibliographic record.