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Indoor positioning : technologies and performance / Nel Samama, Electronics and Physics Department, Institut Mines-Telecom, France.

By: Samama, Nel, 1963- [author.].
Contributor(s): IEEE Xplore (Online Service) [distributor.] | Wiley [publisher.].
Material type: materialTypeLabelBookPublisher: Hoboken, New Jersey : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., [2019]Distributor: [Piscataqay, New Jersey] : IEEE Xplore, [2019]Description: 1 PDF (368 pages).Content type: text Media type: electronic Carrier type: online resourceISBN: 1119421861; 9781119421856; 1119421853.Subject(s): Indoor positioning systems (Wireless localization)Genre/Form: Electronic books.Additional physical formats: Print version:: Indoor positioningDDC classification: 006.2 Online resources: Abstract with links to resource Also available in print.
Contents:
Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Chapter 1 A Little Piece of History .. -- 1.1 The First Age of Navigation -- 1.2 Longitude Problem and Importance of Time -- 1.3 Link Between Time and Space -- 1.3.1 A Brief History of the Evolution of the Perception of Time -- 1.3.2 Comparison with the Possible Change in Our Perception of Space -- 1.4 The Radio Age -- 1.5 First Terrestrial Positioning Systems -- 1.6 The Era of Artificial Satellites -- 1.6.1 GPS System -- 1.7 New Problem: Availability and Accuracy of Positioning Systems -- Bibliography -- Chapter 2 What Exactly Is the Indoor Positioning Problem? -- 2.1 General Introduction to Indoor Positioning -- 2.1.1 Basic Problem: Example of the Navigation Application -- 2.1.2 The "Perceived" Needs -- 2.1.3 Wide Range of Possible Technologies -- 2.1.4 Comments on the "Best" Solution -- 2.1.4.1 Local or Global Coverage -- 2.1.4.2 With or Without Local Infrastructure -- 2.2 Is Indoor Positioning the Next "Longitude Problem"? -- 2.3 Quick Summary of the Indoor Problem -- Bibliography -- Chapter 3 General Introduction to Positioning Techniques and Their Associated Difficulties -- 3.1 Angle-Based Positioning Technique -- 3.1.1 Pure Angle-Based Positioning Technique -- 3.1.2 Triangulation-Based Positioning Technique -- 3.2 Distance-Based Positioning Technique -- 3.2.1 Distances to Known Environment-Based Positioning Technique -- 3.2.2 Radar Method -- 3.2.3 Hyperbolic Method -- 3.2.4 Mobile Telecommunication Networks -- 3.3 Doppler-Based Positioning Approach -- 3.3.1 Doppler Radar Method -- 3.3.2 Doppler Positioning Approach -- 3.4 Physical Quantity-Based Positioning Approaches -- 3.4.1 Luminosity Measurements -- 3.4.2 Local Networks -- 3.4.3 Attitude and Heading Reference System -- 3.4.3.1 Accelerometers -- 3.4.3.2 Gyrometers -- 3.4.3.3 Odometers.
3.4.3.4 Magnetometers -- 3.5 Image-Based Positioning Approach -- 3.6 ILS, MLS, VOR, and DME -- 3.7 Summary -- Bibliography -- Chapter 4 Various Possible Classifications of Indoor Technologies -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Parameters to Be Considered -- 4.3 Discussion About These Parameters -- 4.3.1 Parameters Related to the Hardware of the System -- 4.3.2 Parameters Related to the Type and Performances of the System -- 4.3.3 Parameters Related to the Real Implementation of the System -- 4.3.4 Parameters Related to the Physical Aspects of the System -- 4.4 Technologies Considered -- 4.5 Complete Tables -- 4.6 Playing with the Complete Table -- 4.7 Selected Approach for the Rest of the Book -- Bibliography -- Chapter 5 Proximity Technologies: Approaches, Performance, and Limitations -- 5.1 Bar Codes -- 5.2 Contactless Cards and Credit Cards -- 5.3 Image Recognition -- 5.4 Near-Field Communication -- NFC -- 5.5 QR Codes -- 5.6 Discussion of Other Technologies -- Bibliography -- Chapter 6 Room-Restricted Technologies: Challenges and Reliability -- 6.1 Image Markers -- 6.2 Infrared Sensors -- 6.3 Laser -- 6.4 Lidar -- 6.5 Sonar -- 6.6 Ultrasound Sensors -- Bibliography -- Chapter 7 "Set of Rooms" Technologies -- 7.1 Radar -- 7.2 RFID -- 7.3 UWB -- Bibliography -- Chapter 8 Building Range Technologies -- 8.1 Accelerometer -- 8.2 Bluetooth and Bluetooth Low Energy -- 8.3 Gyrometer -- 8.4 Image-Relative Displacement -- 8.5 Image SLAM -- 8.6 LiFi -- 8.7 Light Opportunity -- 8.8 Sound -- 8.9 Theodolite -- 8.10 WiFi -- 8.11 Symbolic WiFi -- Bibliography -- Chapter 9 Building Range Technologies: The Specific Case of Indoor GNSS -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Concept of Local Transmitters -- 9.3 Pseudolites -- 9.4 Repeaters -- 9.4.1 Clock Bias Approach -- 9.4.2 Pseudo Ranges Approach -- 9.4.2.1 Theoretical Aspects -- 9.5 Repealites -- 9.5.1 Proposed System Architecture.
9.5.2 Advantages -- 9.5.3 Limitations -- 9.6 Grin-Locs -- 9.6.1 Double Antenna -- 9.6.1.1 Angle Approach -- 9.6.1.2 Quadrics Approach -- 9.6.2 Resolution in Case of Several Double Antennas -- 9.6.2.1 Positioning with the Angle Approach -- 9.6.2.2 Positioning with the Quadric Approach -- Bibliography -- Chapter 10 Wide Area Indoor Positioning: Block, City, and County Approaches -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Amateur Radio -- 10.3 ISM Radio Bands (433/868/ ... MHz) -- 10.4 Mobile Networks -- 10.4.1 First Networks (GSM) -- 10.4.2 Modern Networks (3G, 4G, and 5G) -- 10.5 LoRa and SigFox -- 10.6 AM/FM Radio -- 10.7 TV -- Bibliography -- Chapter 11 Worldwide Indoor Positioning Technologies: Achievable Performance -- 11.1 Argos and COSPAS-SARSAT Systems -- 11.1.1 Argos System -- 11.1.2 COSPAS-SARSAT System -- 11.2 GNSS -- 11.3 High-Accuracy GNSS -- 11.3.1 HS-GNSS -- 11.3.2 A-GNSS -- 11.4 Magnetometer -- 11.5 Pressure Sensor -- 11.6 Radio Signals of Opportunity -- 11.7 Wired Networks -- Bibliography -- Chapter 12 Combining Techniques and Technologies -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Fusion and Hybridization -- 12.2.1 Strategies for Combining Technologies -- 12.2.2 Strategies for Choosing the Optimal Data -- 12.2.2.1 Least Squares Method -- 12.2.3 Classification and Estimators -- 12.2.4 Filtering -- 12.3 Collaborative Approaches -- 12.3.1 Approach Using Doppler Measurements to Estimate Velocities -- 12.3.2 Approach Using Doppler Measurements in Case Some Nodes Are Fixed -- 12.3.3 Approach Using Doppler Measurements to Estimate Angles -- 12.3.4 Approach Using Distance Measurements -- 12.3.5 Approach Analyzing the Deformation of the Network -- 12.3.6 Comments -- 12.4 General Discussion -- Bibliography -- Chapter 13 Maps -- 13.1 Map: Not Just an Image -- 13.2 Indoor Poses Specific Problems -- 13.3 Map Representations -- 13.4 Recording Tools.
13.5 Some Examples of the Use of Indoor Mapping -- 13.5.1 Some Guiding Applications -- 13.5.2 Some Services Associated with Mapping -- 13.6 Synthesis -- Bibliography -- Chapter 14 Synthesis and Possible Forthcoming "Evolution" -- 14.1 Indoor Positioning: Signals of Opportunity or Local Infrastructure? -- 14.1.1 A Few Constrained Selections -- 14.1.2 Comparison of Three Approaches and Discussion -- 14.1.2.1 Inverted GNSS Radar -- 14.1.2.2 NFC-Distributed System and Its Map -- 14.1.2.3 Cooperative Approach Between Communicating Terminals -- 14.2 Discussion -- 14.3 Possible Evolution of Everybody's Daily Life -- 14.3.1 Student's Day -- 14.3.1.1 Morning Session at the University -- 14.3.2 Improving an Outpatient's Visit to Hospital -- 14.3.2.1 Preparation of the "Journeys" -- 14.3.2.2 Displacements of Patients and Automatic Rescheduling -- 14.3.2.3 Reports -- Analytics -- 14.3.3 Flow of People in Public Places -- 14.4 Internet of Things and Internet of Everything -- 14.5 Possible Future Approaches -- 14.6 Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Index -- EULA.
Summary: Provides technical and scientific descriptions of potential approaches used to achieve indoor positioning, ranging from sensor networks to more advanced radio-based systems This book presents a large technical overview of various approaches to achieve indoor positioning. These approaches cover those based on sensors, cameras, satellites, and other radio-based methods. The book also discusses the simplification of certain implementations, describing ways for the reader to design solutions that respect specifications and follow established techniques. Descriptions of the main techniques used for positioning, including angle measurement, distance measurements, Doppler measurements, and inertial measurements are also given. Indoor Positioning: Technologies and Performance starts with overviews of the first age of navigation, the link between time and space, the radio age, the first terrestrial positioning systems, and the era of artificial satellites. It then introduces readers to the subject of indoor positioning, as well as positioning techniques and their associated difficulties. Proximity technologies like bar codes, image recognition, Near Field Communication (NFC), and QR codes are covered���oas are room restricted and building range technologies. The book examines wide area indoor positioning as well as world wide indoor technologies like High-Sensitivity and Assisted GNSS, and covers maps and mapping. It closes with the author's vision of the future in which the practice of indoor positioning is perfected across all technologies. This text: . Explores aspects of indoor positioning from both theoretical and practical points of view. Describes advantages and drawbacks of various approaches to positioning. Provides examples of design solutions that respect specifications of tested techniques. Covers infra-red sensors, lasers, Lidar, RFID, UWB, Bluetooth, Image SLAM, LiFi, WiFi, indoor GNSS, and more Indoor Positioning is an ideal guide for technical engineers, industrial and application developers, and students studying wireless communications and signal processing.
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Includes bibliographical references and index.

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Chapter 1 A Little Piece of History .. -- 1.1 The First Age of Navigation -- 1.2 Longitude Problem and Importance of Time -- 1.3 Link Between Time and Space -- 1.3.1 A Brief History of the Evolution of the Perception of Time -- 1.3.2 Comparison with the Possible Change in Our Perception of Space -- 1.4 The Radio Age -- 1.5 First Terrestrial Positioning Systems -- 1.6 The Era of Artificial Satellites -- 1.6.1 GPS System -- 1.7 New Problem: Availability and Accuracy of Positioning Systems -- Bibliography -- Chapter 2 What Exactly Is the Indoor Positioning Problem? -- 2.1 General Introduction to Indoor Positioning -- 2.1.1 Basic Problem: Example of the Navigation Application -- 2.1.2 The "Perceived" Needs -- 2.1.3 Wide Range of Possible Technologies -- 2.1.4 Comments on the "Best" Solution -- 2.1.4.1 Local or Global Coverage -- 2.1.4.2 With or Without Local Infrastructure -- 2.2 Is Indoor Positioning the Next "Longitude Problem"? -- 2.3 Quick Summary of the Indoor Problem -- Bibliography -- Chapter 3 General Introduction to Positioning Techniques and Their Associated Difficulties -- 3.1 Angle-Based Positioning Technique -- 3.1.1 Pure Angle-Based Positioning Technique -- 3.1.2 Triangulation-Based Positioning Technique -- 3.2 Distance-Based Positioning Technique -- 3.2.1 Distances to Known Environment-Based Positioning Technique -- 3.2.2 Radar Method -- 3.2.3 Hyperbolic Method -- 3.2.4 Mobile Telecommunication Networks -- 3.3 Doppler-Based Positioning Approach -- 3.3.1 Doppler Radar Method -- 3.3.2 Doppler Positioning Approach -- 3.4 Physical Quantity-Based Positioning Approaches -- 3.4.1 Luminosity Measurements -- 3.4.2 Local Networks -- 3.4.3 Attitude and Heading Reference System -- 3.4.3.1 Accelerometers -- 3.4.3.2 Gyrometers -- 3.4.3.3 Odometers.

3.4.3.4 Magnetometers -- 3.5 Image-Based Positioning Approach -- 3.6 ILS, MLS, VOR, and DME -- 3.7 Summary -- Bibliography -- Chapter 4 Various Possible Classifications of Indoor Technologies -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Parameters to Be Considered -- 4.3 Discussion About These Parameters -- 4.3.1 Parameters Related to the Hardware of the System -- 4.3.2 Parameters Related to the Type and Performances of the System -- 4.3.3 Parameters Related to the Real Implementation of the System -- 4.3.4 Parameters Related to the Physical Aspects of the System -- 4.4 Technologies Considered -- 4.5 Complete Tables -- 4.6 Playing with the Complete Table -- 4.7 Selected Approach for the Rest of the Book -- Bibliography -- Chapter 5 Proximity Technologies: Approaches, Performance, and Limitations -- 5.1 Bar Codes -- 5.2 Contactless Cards and Credit Cards -- 5.3 Image Recognition -- 5.4 Near-Field Communication -- NFC -- 5.5 QR Codes -- 5.6 Discussion of Other Technologies -- Bibliography -- Chapter 6 Room-Restricted Technologies: Challenges and Reliability -- 6.1 Image Markers -- 6.2 Infrared Sensors -- 6.3 Laser -- 6.4 Lidar -- 6.5 Sonar -- 6.6 Ultrasound Sensors -- Bibliography -- Chapter 7 "Set of Rooms" Technologies -- 7.1 Radar -- 7.2 RFID -- 7.3 UWB -- Bibliography -- Chapter 8 Building Range Technologies -- 8.1 Accelerometer -- 8.2 Bluetooth and Bluetooth Low Energy -- 8.3 Gyrometer -- 8.4 Image-Relative Displacement -- 8.5 Image SLAM -- 8.6 LiFi -- 8.7 Light Opportunity -- 8.8 Sound -- 8.9 Theodolite -- 8.10 WiFi -- 8.11 Symbolic WiFi -- Bibliography -- Chapter 9 Building Range Technologies: The Specific Case of Indoor GNSS -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Concept of Local Transmitters -- 9.3 Pseudolites -- 9.4 Repeaters -- 9.4.1 Clock Bias Approach -- 9.4.2 Pseudo Ranges Approach -- 9.4.2.1 Theoretical Aspects -- 9.5 Repealites -- 9.5.1 Proposed System Architecture.

9.5.2 Advantages -- 9.5.3 Limitations -- 9.6 Grin-Locs -- 9.6.1 Double Antenna -- 9.6.1.1 Angle Approach -- 9.6.1.2 Quadrics Approach -- 9.6.2 Resolution in Case of Several Double Antennas -- 9.6.2.1 Positioning with the Angle Approach -- 9.6.2.2 Positioning with the Quadric Approach -- Bibliography -- Chapter 10 Wide Area Indoor Positioning: Block, City, and County Approaches -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Amateur Radio -- 10.3 ISM Radio Bands (433/868/ ... MHz) -- 10.4 Mobile Networks -- 10.4.1 First Networks (GSM) -- 10.4.2 Modern Networks (3G, 4G, and 5G) -- 10.5 LoRa and SigFox -- 10.6 AM/FM Radio -- 10.7 TV -- Bibliography -- Chapter 11 Worldwide Indoor Positioning Technologies: Achievable Performance -- 11.1 Argos and COSPAS-SARSAT Systems -- 11.1.1 Argos System -- 11.1.2 COSPAS-SARSAT System -- 11.2 GNSS -- 11.3 High-Accuracy GNSS -- 11.3.1 HS-GNSS -- 11.3.2 A-GNSS -- 11.4 Magnetometer -- 11.5 Pressure Sensor -- 11.6 Radio Signals of Opportunity -- 11.7 Wired Networks -- Bibliography -- Chapter 12 Combining Techniques and Technologies -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Fusion and Hybridization -- 12.2.1 Strategies for Combining Technologies -- 12.2.2 Strategies for Choosing the Optimal Data -- 12.2.2.1 Least Squares Method -- 12.2.3 Classification and Estimators -- 12.2.4 Filtering -- 12.3 Collaborative Approaches -- 12.3.1 Approach Using Doppler Measurements to Estimate Velocities -- 12.3.2 Approach Using Doppler Measurements in Case Some Nodes Are Fixed -- 12.3.3 Approach Using Doppler Measurements to Estimate Angles -- 12.3.4 Approach Using Distance Measurements -- 12.3.5 Approach Analyzing the Deformation of the Network -- 12.3.6 Comments -- 12.4 General Discussion -- Bibliography -- Chapter 13 Maps -- 13.1 Map: Not Just an Image -- 13.2 Indoor Poses Specific Problems -- 13.3 Map Representations -- 13.4 Recording Tools.

13.5 Some Examples of the Use of Indoor Mapping -- 13.5.1 Some Guiding Applications -- 13.5.2 Some Services Associated with Mapping -- 13.6 Synthesis -- Bibliography -- Chapter 14 Synthesis and Possible Forthcoming "Evolution" -- 14.1 Indoor Positioning: Signals of Opportunity or Local Infrastructure? -- 14.1.1 A Few Constrained Selections -- 14.1.2 Comparison of Three Approaches and Discussion -- 14.1.2.1 Inverted GNSS Radar -- 14.1.2.2 NFC-Distributed System and Its Map -- 14.1.2.3 Cooperative Approach Between Communicating Terminals -- 14.2 Discussion -- 14.3 Possible Evolution of Everybody's Daily Life -- 14.3.1 Student's Day -- 14.3.1.1 Morning Session at the University -- 14.3.2 Improving an Outpatient's Visit to Hospital -- 14.3.2.1 Preparation of the "Journeys" -- 14.3.2.2 Displacements of Patients and Automatic Rescheduling -- 14.3.2.3 Reports -- Analytics -- 14.3.3 Flow of People in Public Places -- 14.4 Internet of Things and Internet of Everything -- 14.5 Possible Future Approaches -- 14.6 Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Index -- EULA.

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Provides technical and scientific descriptions of potential approaches used to achieve indoor positioning, ranging from sensor networks to more advanced radio-based systems This book presents a large technical overview of various approaches to achieve indoor positioning. These approaches cover those based on sensors, cameras, satellites, and other radio-based methods. The book also discusses the simplification of certain implementations, describing ways for the reader to design solutions that respect specifications and follow established techniques. Descriptions of the main techniques used for positioning, including angle measurement, distance measurements, Doppler measurements, and inertial measurements are also given. Indoor Positioning: Technologies and Performance starts with overviews of the first age of navigation, the link between time and space, the radio age, the first terrestrial positioning systems, and the era of artificial satellites. It then introduces readers to the subject of indoor positioning, as well as positioning techniques and their associated difficulties. Proximity technologies like bar codes, image recognition, Near Field Communication (NFC), and QR codes are covered���oas are room restricted and building range technologies. The book examines wide area indoor positioning as well as world wide indoor technologies like High-Sensitivity and Assisted GNSS, and covers maps and mapping. It closes with the author's vision of the future in which the practice of indoor positioning is perfected across all technologies. This text: . Explores aspects of indoor positioning from both theoretical and practical points of view. Describes advantages and drawbacks of various approaches to positioning. Provides examples of design solutions that respect specifications of tested techniques. Covers infra-red sensors, lasers, Lidar, RFID, UWB, Bluetooth, Image SLAM, LiFi, WiFi, indoor GNSS, and more Indoor Positioning is an ideal guide for technical engineers, industrial and application developers, and students studying wireless communications and signal processing.

Also available in print.

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