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Intro -- Nanotechnology and Photocatalysis for Environmental Applications -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1 History and fundamentals of nanoscience and nanotechnology -- 1.1 What is nanoscience and nanotechnology -- 1.1.1 Importance and future of nanoscience and nanotechnology -- 1.2 History and background -- 1.3 Comparison of length scales from bulk to nanoscale -- 1.4 Feynman description and revival of nanotechnology -- 1.5 Size effects in nanostructures -- 1.5.1 Size effects on grain boundaries of nanostructures

1.5.2 Size effects on surface area of nanostructures -- 1.5.3 Size effects on surface atoms of cubical and spherical nanostructures -- 1.5.4 Size effects on properties of nanostructures -- 1.5.4.1 Thermal properties -- 1.5.4.2 Electrical properties -- 1.5.4.3 Mechanical properties -- 1.5.4.4 Magnetic properties -- 1.5.4.5 Optical properties -- 1.5.4.6 Elastic properties -- 1.6 Quantum effects in nanostructures -- 1.6.1 Quantum confinement effects in nanostructures -- 1.6.2 Quantum physics and nanotechnology -- 1.7 Conclusion -- References

Chapter 2 Nanostructure materials and their classification by dimensionality -- 2.1 Bulk materials and nanostructure materials -- 2.2 Classification of nanostructures -- 2.3 Zero-dimensional nanostructure materials -- 2.3.1 Quantum dots -- 2.3.2 Optical properties of QDs -- 2.3.3 Electronic properties of QDs -- 2.3.4 Fabrication methods of QDs -- 2.3.5 Semiconductor nanocrystal QDs -- 2.3.6 Applications of QDs -- 2.3.6.1 QDs for computing and communications -- 2.3.6.2 QDs for biomedical imaging -- 2.3.6.3 QDs for light-emitting diodes -- 2.3.6.4 QDs for photo detectors

2.3.6.5 QDs for solar cells -- 2.4 Nanoparticles -- 2.4.1 Nanoparticles synthesis -- 2.4.2 Types of nanoparticles -- 2.5 One-dimensional nanostructure materials -- 2.5.1 Nanotubes -- 2.5.2 Electrical and optical properties of CNTs -- 2.5.3 Mechanical and thermal properties of CNTs -- 2.5.4 Nanowires -- 2.5.5 Nanorods -- 2.6 Two-dimensional nanostructure materials -- 2.6.1 Nanocoatings -- 2.6.2 Thin films and NanoFilms -- 2.6.2.1 Stages of thin film growth -- 2.7 Three-dimensional nanostructure materials -- 2.8 Conclusion -- References

Chapter 3 Synthesis methods of nanostructures -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Hydrothermal synthesis -- 3.3 Solvothermal synthesis -- 3.4 Microemulsion technique -- 3.5 Sol-gel method -- 3.6 Coprecipitation -- 3.7 Microwave synthesis -- 3.8 Physical vapor deposition -- 3.9 Chemical vapor deposition -- 3.10 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4 Photocatalysis fundamentals -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Mechanism of photocatalysis -- 4.3 Effect of physical parameters on photocatalytic activity -- 4.3.1 pH -- 4.3.2 Light intensity -- 4.3.3 Initial concentration of pollutants

4.3.4 Reaction temperature