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E-CARGO and role-based collaboration : modeling and solving problems in the complex world / Haibin Zhu.

By: Zhu, Haibin [author.].
Material type: materialTypeLabelBookSeries: IEEE press series on systems science and engineering.Publisher: Hoboken, New Jersey : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., [2021]Edition: First edition.Description: 1 online resource.Content type: text Media type: computer Carrier type: online resourceISBN: 9781119693123; 1119693128; 9781119693093; 1119693098; 9781119693116; 111969311X.Other title: Environments, classes, agents, roles, groups and objects and role-based collaboration | ECARGO and role-based collaboration.Subject(s): Group problem solving -- Methodology | Group decision making -- Mathematics | Role expectation -- Mathematical models | System analysis | Group problem solving -- Methodology | System analysisGenre/Form: Electronic books.Additional physical formats: Print version:: E-CARGO and role-based collaborationDDC classification: 658.4/036 Online resources: Wiley Online Library
Contents:
Nomenclature -- Part 1 Backgrounds -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- Abstract -- Keywords -- Collaboration, Collaboration Systems, Components of Collaboration, Nature of Collaboration, Complex Systems, Collectivism, Individualism, Problem Solving. -- 1.1 Collaboration and Collaboration Systems -- 1.1.1 Collaboration -- 1.1.2 Collaboration Systems -- 1.2 Collaboration as "Divide and Conquer" -- 1.3 Key Components of Collaboration -- 1.4 The Nature of Collaboration -- 1.5 The Complexity of Collaboration -- 1.6 Collectivism or Individualism -- 1.7 Collaboration and Complex Systems -- 1.7.1 What are Complex Systems? -- 1.7.2 Examples of Complex Systems -- 1.8 Collaboration and Problem Solving -- 1.9 Summary -- References -- Exercises -- Chapter 2 Role Concepts -- Abstract -- Keywords -- 2.1 Terminology -- 2.2 Modeling-Roles -- 2.2.1 Evolution of Objects -- 2.2.2 Fundamental Modeling Concepts -- 2.2.3 Interfaces between Objects -- 2.2.4 Separation of Concerns -- 2.2.5 Modeling-Roles in Specification and Design -- 2.3 Roles in Agent Systems -- 2.4 Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) -- 2.4.1 Evolution of RBAC-Roles -- 2.4.2 Applications of RBAC-Roles -- 2.5 Roles in CSCW Systems -- 2.6 Roles in Social Psychology and Management -- 2.7 Convergence of Role Concepts -- 2.8 Summary -- References -- Exercises -- Part 2 Methodologies and Models -- Chapter 3 Role-Based Collaboration -- Abstract -- Keywords -- 3.1 Requirements for Role-Based Collaboration -- 3.2 Architecture of an RBC system -- 3.3 The Environment Established by Role-Based Collaboration -- 3.4 The Process of Role-Based Collaboration -- 3.5 Fundamental Principles of RBC -- 3.5.1 Object principles -- 3.5.2 Agent principles -- 3.5.3 Role principles -- 3.5.4 Group principles -- 3.6 Benefits of Role-Based Collaboration -- 3.6.1 Establish trust in collaboration -- 3.6.2 Establish Dynamics -- 3.6.3 Facilitate Interaction -- 3.6.4 Support adaptation -- 3.6.5 Information Sharing -- 3.6.6 Other benefits -- 3.7 Summary -- References -- Exercises -- Chapter 4 The E-CARGO Model -- Abstract -- Keyword -- 4.1 First Class Components -- 4.1.1 Objects and Classes -- 4.1.2 Roles and Environments -- 4.1.3 Agents and Groups -- 4.2 Second Class Components -- 4.2.1 Users or Human Users -- 4.2.2 Message -- 4.2.3 System -- 4.3 Fundamental Relationships in E-CARGO -- 4.3.1 The Relations among Roles -- 4.3.1.1 Role Classes and Instances -- 4.3.1.2 Inheritance Relation -- 4.3.1.3 Promotion relations -- 4.3.1.4 Report-to Relations -- 4.3.1.5 Request relations -- 4.1.3.6 Derived relations -- 4.1.3.7 Conflict relations -- 4.3.2 The Relations between Roles and Agents -- 4.3.3 The Relations between Agents -- 4.3.4 Properties of an RBC system and their Applications -- 4.4 Kernel Mechanisms of RBC -- 4.4.1 Primitive roles -- 4.4.2 Fundamental Classes -- 4.4.3 Implementation -- 4.5 Related Work -- 4.6 Summary -- References -- Exercises -- Chapter 5 Group Role Assignment (GRA) -- Abstract -- Keywords -- 5.1 Role Assignment -- 5.2 A Real-World Problem -- 5.3 Extended Expression of the E-CARGO Model -- 5.4 Group Role Assignment Problems -- 5.4.1 Simple role assignment -- 5.4.2 Rated group role assignment -- 5.4.3 Weighted role assignment -- 5.5 General Assignment Problem and the K-M Algorithm -- 5.6 Solutions to GRA Problems -- 5.7 Implementation and Performance Experiments -- 5.8 Performance Analysis -- 5.9 Case Study by Simulation -- 5.10 Related Work -- 5.11 Summary -- References -- Exercises -- Chapter 6 Group Role Assignment with Constraints: GRA+ -- Abstract -- Keywords -- 6.1 Group Multi-Role Assignment (GMRA) -- 6.1.1 A Real-World Scenario -- 6.1.2 Problem Formalization -- 6.1.3 The CPLEX solution and its Performance Experiments -- 6.1.4 Improvement of the CPLEX Solution -- 6.1.5 Comparisons -- 6.1.6 Another Real-World Example -- 6.2 Group Role Assignment with Conflicting Agents (GRACA) -- 6.2.1 A Real-World Scenario -- 6.2.2 Problem Formalization -- 6.2.3 The Benefits of Avoiding Conflicts -- 6.2.4 GRACAR/G Problems Are Subproblems of an NP-Complete Problem -- 6.2.5 Solutions with CPLEX -- 6.3 Group Role Assignment with Cooperation and Conflict Factors -- 6.3.1 A Real-World Scenario -- 6.3.2 Problem Formalization -- 6.3.3 A Practical Solution -- 6.3.4 Performance Experiments -- 6.3.5 The Benefits -- 6.3.6 Cooperation and conflict Factor Collection -- 6.4 Related Work -- 6.5 Summary -- References -- Exercises -- Chapter 7 Group Role Assignment with Multiple Objectives: GRA++ -- Abstract -- Keywords -- 7.1 Group Role Assignment with Budget Constraints (GRABC) -- 7.1.1 A Real-World Scenario -- 7.1.2 Problem Formalization -- 7.1.3 Solutions with an LP Solver -- 7.1.4 Simulations of GRABC-WS and GRABC-Syn -- 7.1.5 Performance Experiments and improvements -- 7.1.6 Synthesis and a case Study -- 7.2 Good at Many things and Expert in One (GMEO) -- 7.2.1 A Real-World Scenario -- 7.2.2 Problem Formalizations -- 7.2.3 A Solution with CPLEX -- 7.2.4 Performance Experiments and Improvements -- 7.2.5 A Simple Formalization of GMEO with an Efficient Solution -- 7.2.6 A More Efficient Solution for GMEO-1 -- 7.3 Related Work -- 7.4 Summary -- References -- Exercises -- Chapter 8 Solving Engineering Problems with GRA -- Abstract -- Keywords -- 8.1 Group Role Assignment with Agents' Busyness Degrees -- 8.1.1 A Real-World Scenario -- 8.1.2 Problem Formalization -- 8.1.3 Solutions -- 8.1.4 Simulations and Benefits -- 8.2 Group Multi-Role Assignment with Coupled Roles -- 8.2.1 A Real-World Scenario -- 8.2.2 The Problem Specification -- 8.2.3 The Solutions with CPLEX and Initial Results -- 8.2.4 Verification Experiments -- 8.3 Most Economical Redundant Assignment -- 8.3.1 A Real-World Scenario -- 8.3.2 Problem Formalizations -- 8.3.3 A Solution with CPLEX -- 8.3.4 A new Form of the MERA Problem and a More Efficient Solution -- 8.3.5 Experiments and Comparisons -- 8.4 Group Role Assignment with Agents' Preferences -- 8.4.1 A Real-World Scenario -- 8.4.2 Problem Formalization -- 8.4.3 The Benefits of Considering Agents' Preferences -- 8.5 Related Work -- 8.6 Summary -- References -- Exercises -- Chapter 9 Role Transfer -- Abstract -- Keywords -- 9.1 Role Transfer Problems -- 9.1.1 Algorithm to Find a Partition -- 9.1.2 Role Transfer Algorithm with Matrices -- 9.1.3 Algorithm for Role Transfer with the E-CARGO Model -- 9.2 The M-M Role Transfer Problems -- 9.2.1 M-1 Problem -- 9.2.2 1-M Problem -- 9.2.3 M-M Problem -- 9.3 From M-M RTPs to Role Assignment Problems -- 9.4 Temporal M-M Role Transfer Problems -- 9.4.1 Temporal Transfer with Weak Restriction -- 9.4.2 Temporal Transfer with Strong Restriction -- 9.4.3 A Near-Optimal Solution to SRTP with the Kuhn-Munkres Algorithm -- 9.4.4 Performance Experiments -- 9.5 Role Transfer Tool -- 9.6 Related work -- 9.7 Summary -- References -- Exercises -- Chapter 10 Adaptive Collaboration Systems -- Abstract -- Keywords -- 10.1 Adaptation and Adaptability -- 10.2 A Real-World Problem -- 10.3 Group Performance and its parameters -- 10.4 Adaptive Collaboration -- 10.4.1 A scenario for a future battle -- 10.4.2 Apply E-CARGO and Related Algorithms to Solve the Problem -- 10.4.3 A new qualification model -- 10.5 The Architecture and the Self-* Properties of an Adaptive Collaboration System -- 10.6 A General Approach to AC -- 10.7 Related Work -- 10.8 Summary -- References -- Exercises -- Part 3 Applications -- Chapter 11 Team Performance -- Abstract -- Keywords -- 11.
1 Team Performance -- 11.2 Static Team Performance -- 11.2.1 Modeling Team Performance with the E-CARGO Model -- 11.2.2 Refine the Predicted Team Performance by Introducing More Constraints -- 11.2.3 Case Study -- 11.3 Dynamic Team Performance -- 11.3.1 A Typical Dynamic Scenario of Collaboration -- 11.3.2 Formalization of dynamic team performance -- 11.3.3 Simulation Design -- 11.3.4 Simulation Results and Analysis -- 11.4 Related Work -- 11.5 Summary -- References -- Exercises -- Chapter 12 Applications of RBC and E-CARGO -- Abstract -- Keywords -- 12.1 Role-Based Human-Computer Interaction -- 12.1.1 Natural Intelligence and Artificial Intelligence -- 12.1.2 Interaction -- 12.1.3 Characteristics of Interaction -- 12.1.4 Classification of Interactions -- 12.1.5 The differences between HCI and AI3 -- 12.1.6 Shared models for interaction -- 12.1.7 Roles as shared models for interaction -- 12.1.8 Scenarios of Role-Based Interaction -- 12.1.9 Case Study: Restrain Mental Workload with Roles -- 12.2 When to Re-staff a Late Project -- 12.2.1 Formalization of the Problem -- 12.2.2 A Solution Based on GRA -- 12.2.3 Simulations -- 12.2.4 Performances -- 12.2.5 Case study -- 12.3 An Efficient Outpatient Scheduling Approach -- 12.3.1 A Real-World Outpatient Scheduling Problem -- 12.3.2 Collaborative Outpatient Scheduling - Our Strategy -- 12.3.3 From the Outpatient Problem to the Group Role Assignment Problem -- 12.3.4 The Algorithm and Complexity -- 12.4 Related Work -- 12.5 Chapter Summary -- References -- Exercises -- Chapter 13 Social Simulation with RBC and E-CARGO -- Abstract -- Keywords -- 13.1 Social Systems, Organizations, and Individuals -- 13.2 Establishing the Requirement of Social Simulation -- 13.3 Meeting the requirements of Social Simulation with E-CARGO -- 13.4 Social Simulation Method with RBC and E-CARGO -- 13.5 Case Study 1: Peer Review and Improvement -- 13.5.1 Peer Review -- 13.5.2 The Benefits Obtained by GRA -- 13.6 Case Study 2: Collectivism or Individualism -- 13.6.1 How to Express Collectivism and Individualism -- 13.6.2 Overall team performances of Collectivism and Individualism -- 13.6.3 Simulations and Results -- 13.7 Case Study 3: How to Acquire the Preferred Position in a Team -- 13.7.1 A Real-World Scenario -- 13.7.2 Policies and Simulation Experiments -- 13.7.3 The Effects to the Group Performance -- ...
Summary: "This book systematically describes the fundamental understanding of collaboration, collaboration systems, and complex systems and then propose solutions to the related problems with the assistance of the model and methodology. The structure follows a typical technology development document that begins with an introduction to collaboration and problem solving, then provide a thorough survey of the fundamental concept role. After that, Role-Based Collaboration (RBC) methodology, the model E-CARGO are defined and illustrated. After a thorough description of the technical specifications, the book investigates thoroughly important problems in RBC, i.e., Group Role Assignment (GRA), Extensions of GRA, Role Transfer, and highlights representative applications from different aspects of the methodology"-- Provided by publisher.
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Includes bibliographical references and index.

"This book systematically describes the fundamental understanding of collaboration, collaboration systems, and complex systems and then propose solutions to the related problems with the assistance of the model and methodology. The structure follows a typical technology development document that begins with an introduction to collaboration and problem solving, then provide a thorough survey of the fundamental concept role. After that, Role-Based Collaboration (RBC) methodology, the model E-CARGO are defined and illustrated. After a thorough description of the technical specifications, the book investigates thoroughly important problems in RBC, i.e., Group Role Assignment (GRA), Extensions of GRA, Role Transfer, and highlights representative applications from different aspects of the methodology"-- Provided by publisher.

Description based on print version record and CIP data provided by publisher; resource not viewed.

Nomenclature -- Part 1 Backgrounds -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- Abstract -- Keywords -- Collaboration, Collaboration Systems, Components of Collaboration, Nature of Collaboration, Complex Systems, Collectivism, Individualism, Problem Solving. -- 1.1 Collaboration and Collaboration Systems -- 1.1.1 Collaboration -- 1.1.2 Collaboration Systems -- 1.2 Collaboration as "Divide and Conquer" -- 1.3 Key Components of Collaboration -- 1.4 The Nature of Collaboration -- 1.5 The Complexity of Collaboration -- 1.6 Collectivism or Individualism -- 1.7 Collaboration and Complex Systems -- 1.7.1 What are Complex Systems? -- 1.7.2 Examples of Complex Systems -- 1.8 Collaboration and Problem Solving -- 1.9 Summary -- References -- Exercises -- Chapter 2 Role Concepts -- Abstract -- Keywords -- 2.1 Terminology -- 2.2 Modeling-Roles -- 2.2.1 Evolution of Objects -- 2.2.2 Fundamental Modeling Concepts -- 2.2.3 Interfaces between Objects -- 2.2.4 Separation of Concerns -- 2.2.5 Modeling-Roles in Specification and Design -- 2.3 Roles in Agent Systems -- 2.4 Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) -- 2.4.1 Evolution of RBAC-Roles -- 2.4.2 Applications of RBAC-Roles -- 2.5 Roles in CSCW Systems -- 2.6 Roles in Social Psychology and Management -- 2.7 Convergence of Role Concepts -- 2.8 Summary -- References -- Exercises -- Part 2 Methodologies and Models -- Chapter 3 Role-Based Collaboration -- Abstract -- Keywords -- 3.1 Requirements for Role-Based Collaboration -- 3.2 Architecture of an RBC system -- 3.3 The Environment Established by Role-Based Collaboration -- 3.4 The Process of Role-Based Collaboration -- 3.5 Fundamental Principles of RBC -- 3.5.1 Object principles -- 3.5.2 Agent principles -- 3.5.3 Role principles -- 3.5.4 Group principles -- 3.6 Benefits of Role-Based Collaboration -- 3.6.1 Establish trust in collaboration -- 3.6.2 Establish Dynamics -- 3.6.3 Facilitate Interaction -- 3.6.4 Support adaptation -- 3.6.5 Information Sharing -- 3.6.6 Other benefits -- 3.7 Summary -- References -- Exercises -- Chapter 4 The E-CARGO Model -- Abstract -- Keyword -- 4.1 First Class Components -- 4.1.1 Objects and Classes -- 4.1.2 Roles and Environments -- 4.1.3 Agents and Groups -- 4.2 Second Class Components -- 4.2.1 Users or Human Users -- 4.2.2 Message -- 4.2.3 System -- 4.3 Fundamental Relationships in E-CARGO -- 4.3.1 The Relations among Roles -- 4.3.1.1 Role Classes and Instances -- 4.3.1.2 Inheritance Relation -- 4.3.1.3 Promotion relations -- 4.3.1.4 Report-to Relations -- 4.3.1.5 Request relations -- 4.1.3.6 Derived relations -- 4.1.3.7 Conflict relations -- 4.3.2 The Relations between Roles and Agents -- 4.3.3 The Relations between Agents -- 4.3.4 Properties of an RBC system and their Applications -- 4.4 Kernel Mechanisms of RBC -- 4.4.1 Primitive roles -- 4.4.2 Fundamental Classes -- 4.4.3 Implementation -- 4.5 Related Work -- 4.6 Summary -- References -- Exercises -- Chapter 5 Group Role Assignment (GRA) -- Abstract -- Keywords -- 5.1 Role Assignment -- 5.2 A Real-World Problem -- 5.3 Extended Expression of the E-CARGO Model -- 5.4 Group Role Assignment Problems -- 5.4.1 Simple role assignment -- 5.4.2 Rated group role assignment -- 5.4.3 Weighted role assignment -- 5.5 General Assignment Problem and the K-M Algorithm -- 5.6 Solutions to GRA Problems -- 5.7 Implementation and Performance Experiments -- 5.8 Performance Analysis -- 5.9 Case Study by Simulation -- 5.10 Related Work -- 5.11 Summary -- References -- Exercises -- Chapter 6 Group Role Assignment with Constraints: GRA+ -- Abstract -- Keywords -- 6.1 Group Multi-Role Assignment (GMRA) -- 6.1.1 A Real-World Scenario -- 6.1.2 Problem Formalization -- 6.1.3 The CPLEX solution and its Performance Experiments -- 6.1.4 Improvement of the CPLEX Solution -- 6.1.5 Comparisons -- 6.1.6 Another Real-World Example -- 6.2 Group Role Assignment with Conflicting Agents (GRACA) -- 6.2.1 A Real-World Scenario -- 6.2.2 Problem Formalization -- 6.2.3 The Benefits of Avoiding Conflicts -- 6.2.4 GRACAR/G Problems Are Subproblems of an NP-Complete Problem -- 6.2.5 Solutions with CPLEX -- 6.3 Group Role Assignment with Cooperation and Conflict Factors -- 6.3.1 A Real-World Scenario -- 6.3.2 Problem Formalization -- 6.3.3 A Practical Solution -- 6.3.4 Performance Experiments -- 6.3.5 The Benefits -- 6.3.6 Cooperation and conflict Factor Collection -- 6.4 Related Work -- 6.5 Summary -- References -- Exercises -- Chapter 7 Group Role Assignment with Multiple Objectives: GRA++ -- Abstract -- Keywords -- 7.1 Group Role Assignment with Budget Constraints (GRABC) -- 7.1.1 A Real-World Scenario -- 7.1.2 Problem Formalization -- 7.1.3 Solutions with an LP Solver -- 7.1.4 Simulations of GRABC-WS and GRABC-Syn -- 7.1.5 Performance Experiments and improvements -- 7.1.6 Synthesis and a case Study -- 7.2 Good at Many things and Expert in One (GMEO) -- 7.2.1 A Real-World Scenario -- 7.2.2 Problem Formalizations -- 7.2.3 A Solution with CPLEX -- 7.2.4 Performance Experiments and Improvements -- 7.2.5 A Simple Formalization of GMEO with an Efficient Solution -- 7.2.6 A More Efficient Solution for GMEO-1 -- 7.3 Related Work -- 7.4 Summary -- References -- Exercises -- Chapter 8 Solving Engineering Problems with GRA -- Abstract -- Keywords -- 8.1 Group Role Assignment with Agents' Busyness Degrees -- 8.1.1 A Real-World Scenario -- 8.1.2 Problem Formalization -- 8.1.3 Solutions -- 8.1.4 Simulations and Benefits -- 8.2 Group Multi-Role Assignment with Coupled Roles -- 8.2.1 A Real-World Scenario -- 8.2.2 The Problem Specification -- 8.2.3 The Solutions with CPLEX and Initial Results -- 8.2.4 Verification Experiments -- 8.3 Most Economical Redundant Assignment -- 8.3.1 A Real-World Scenario -- 8.3.2 Problem Formalizations -- 8.3.3 A Solution with CPLEX -- 8.3.4 A new Form of the MERA Problem and a More Efficient Solution -- 8.3.5 Experiments and Comparisons -- 8.4 Group Role Assignment with Agents' Preferences -- 8.4.1 A Real-World Scenario -- 8.4.2 Problem Formalization -- 8.4.3 The Benefits of Considering Agents' Preferences -- 8.5 Related Work -- 8.6 Summary -- References -- Exercises -- Chapter 9 Role Transfer -- Abstract -- Keywords -- 9.1 Role Transfer Problems -- 9.1.1 Algorithm to Find a Partition -- 9.1.2 Role Transfer Algorithm with Matrices -- 9.1.3 Algorithm for Role Transfer with the E-CARGO Model -- 9.2 The M-M Role Transfer Problems -- 9.2.1 M-1 Problem -- 9.2.2 1-M Problem -- 9.2.3 M-M Problem -- 9.3 From M-M RTPs to Role Assignment Problems -- 9.4 Temporal M-M Role Transfer Problems -- 9.4.1 Temporal Transfer with Weak Restriction -- 9.4.2 Temporal Transfer with Strong Restriction -- 9.4.3 A Near-Optimal Solution to SRTP with the Kuhn-Munkres Algorithm -- 9.4.4 Performance Experiments -- 9.5 Role Transfer Tool -- 9.6 Related work -- 9.7 Summary -- References -- Exercises -- Chapter 10 Adaptive Collaboration Systems -- Abstract -- Keywords -- 10.1 Adaptation and Adaptability -- 10.2 A Real-World Problem -- 10.3 Group Performance and its parameters -- 10.4 Adaptive Collaboration -- 10.4.1 A scenario for a future battle -- 10.4.2 Apply E-CARGO and Related Algorithms to Solve the Problem -- 10.4.3 A new qualification model -- 10.5 The Architecture and the Self-* Properties of an Adaptive Collaboration System -- 10.6 A General Approach to AC -- 10.7 Related Work -- 10.8 Summary -- References -- Exercises -- Part 3 Applications -- Chapter 11 Team Performance -- Abstract -- Keywords -- 11.

1 Team Performance -- 11.2 Static Team Performance -- 11.2.1 Modeling Team Performance with the E-CARGO Model -- 11.2.2 Refine the Predicted Team Performance by Introducing More Constraints -- 11.2.3 Case Study -- 11.3 Dynamic Team Performance -- 11.3.1 A Typical Dynamic Scenario of Collaboration -- 11.3.2 Formalization of dynamic team performance -- 11.3.3 Simulation Design -- 11.3.4 Simulation Results and Analysis -- 11.4 Related Work -- 11.5 Summary -- References -- Exercises -- Chapter 12 Applications of RBC and E-CARGO -- Abstract -- Keywords -- 12.1 Role-Based Human-Computer Interaction -- 12.1.1 Natural Intelligence and Artificial Intelligence -- 12.1.2 Interaction -- 12.1.3 Characteristics of Interaction -- 12.1.4 Classification of Interactions -- 12.1.5 The differences between HCI and AI3 -- 12.1.6 Shared models for interaction -- 12.1.7 Roles as shared models for interaction -- 12.1.8 Scenarios of Role-Based Interaction -- 12.1.9 Case Study: Restrain Mental Workload with Roles -- 12.2 When to Re-staff a Late Project -- 12.2.1 Formalization of the Problem -- 12.2.2 A Solution Based on GRA -- 12.2.3 Simulations -- 12.2.4 Performances -- 12.2.5 Case study -- 12.3 An Efficient Outpatient Scheduling Approach -- 12.3.1 A Real-World Outpatient Scheduling Problem -- 12.3.2 Collaborative Outpatient Scheduling - Our Strategy -- 12.3.3 From the Outpatient Problem to the Group Role Assignment Problem -- 12.3.4 The Algorithm and Complexity -- 12.4 Related Work -- 12.5 Chapter Summary -- References -- Exercises -- Chapter 13 Social Simulation with RBC and E-CARGO -- Abstract -- Keywords -- 13.1 Social Systems, Organizations, and Individuals -- 13.2 Establishing the Requirement of Social Simulation -- 13.3 Meeting the requirements of Social Simulation with E-CARGO -- 13.4 Social Simulation Method with RBC and E-CARGO -- 13.5 Case Study 1: Peer Review and Improvement -- 13.5.1 Peer Review -- 13.5.2 The Benefits Obtained by GRA -- 13.6 Case Study 2: Collectivism or Individualism -- 13.6.1 How to Express Collectivism and Individualism -- 13.6.2 Overall team performances of Collectivism and Individualism -- 13.6.3 Simulations and Results -- 13.7 Case Study 3: How to Acquire the Preferred Position in a Team -- 13.7.1 A Real-World Scenario -- 13.7.2 Policies and Simulation Experiments -- 13.7.3 The Effects to the Group Performance -- ...

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