Computers and Welfare: The Swedish Debate on the Politics of Computerization in the 1970s and the 1980s -- TERESE -Telecommunications and Regional Development in Sweden: Early Telecommunication Development in a Regional and Social Perspective -- The Introduction of Computers to Primary and Secondary Schools -- Birth of Internet Ethics -- Reasons Behind the Privatization of Datacentralen -- The Creation of the Central Person Registry in Denmark -- The Danish Tax System and the 'No Touch Strategy' -- Information Technology and Danish Agriculture -- ICT in Art in Sweden 1993-2011: Tool, Medium and Theme -- Dankort, the Danish National Debit Card System from the Early 1980s -- The Digital, Strategic and Citizen-Centric Project 'Genvej' - Introducing ICT in Gentofte Kommune -- NEUCC -- UNI•C - A True Internet Pioneer, the Danish Computing Centre for Research and Education -- Christian Rovsing A/S from 1970 to 1984 -- The Story of Navision and Navision Stat -- Online Infrastructure in Supply Chain for Hardware Shops: A Solution for 260 Hardware and DIY Stores Based upon DATEX (X.21) -- The Start of a New Age for an Old Industry -- Time-Sharing in Denmark in 1968 -- The Standardization of Mobile Systems from NMT to Mobile Internet -- PAXNET - A Public X.25 Service in Denmark -- Public Data Networks in the Nordic Countries -- How Was Present-Day Ericsson Born? -- Nordic Internet Infrastructure Development 1988-2007 -- The Journey Towards a National Healthcare Data Network in Denmark -- The Electronic Healthcare Record: The First Attempt to a National Strategy - Why It Failed and How It Developed into Today's Situation -- Triple Helix Collaboration for eCare in the 1970s -- ICT the Nordic Way and European Retail Banking -- The VP Project (1981-1983): Dematerializing Millions of Danish Bond Certificates -- IT and Communications in SAS -- The Norwegian State Railway System GTL (1976) -- Nordic Development of Shipping Systems: On Symbiosis Between System and Organization -- The Story of DSI-TEKST: The First Software Package Which Integrated Word Processing, Database and Report Generator - in Denmark and Maybe in the Whole World -- Standardization of Cryptographic Techniques - The Influence of the Security Agencies -- Ambitious Educational Projects as a Driving Force for Software Development -- APL in the Nordic Countries -- Early Nordic Compilers and Auto codes -- A Fast Micro programmed Digital Filter Supporting Early Signal Processing Research.

This book constitutes the refereed post-proceedings of the 4th IFIP WG 9.7 Conference on the History of Nordic Computing, HiNC 4, held in Copenhagen, Denmark, in August 2014. The 37 revised full papers were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in this volume. The papers focus on innovative ICT milestones that transformed the nordic societies and on the new ideas, systems and solutions that helped creating the welfare societies of today, in particular solutions and systems for public services, e.g., tax, social benefits, health care and education; solutions and systems for the infrastructure of the society, e.g., banking, insurance, telephones, transport and energy supply; and technologies and IT policies behind the major IT milestones, e.g., user centric innovation, programming techniques and IT ethics. They are organized in topical sections on IT policy, infrastructure, public services, private services, telesystems, health care, IT in banking, transport and IT technology.