000 17411nam a2201525 i 4500
001 5201919
003 IEEE
005 20200421114109.0
006 m o d
007 cr |n|||||||||
008 151229s2006 njua ob 001 eng d
020 _a9780471755623
_qelectronic
020 _z9780471712329
_qprint
020 _z0471755613
_qelectronic
020 _z9780471755616
_qelectronic
020 _z0471755621
_qelectronic
024 7 _a10.1002/0471755621
_2doi
035 _a(CaBNVSL)mat05201919
035 _a(IDAMS)0b0000648104aef3
040 _aCaBNVSL
_beng
_erda
_cCaBNVSL
_dCaBNVSL
050 4 _aTJ163.2
_b.F37 2006eb
100 1 _aFarret, Felix A.,
_eauthor.
245 1 0 _aIntegration of alternative sources of energy /
_cFelix A. Farret, M. Godoy Simäoes.
264 1 _a[Piscataway] :
_bIEEE Press,
_cc2006.
264 2 _a[Piscataqay, New Jersey] :
_bIEEE Xplore,
_c[2006]
300 _a1 PDF (xxvi, 471 pages) :
_billustrations.
336 _atext
_2rdacontent
337 _aelectronic
_2isbdmedia
338 _aonline resource
_2rdacarrier
504 _aIncludes bibliographical references and index.
505 0 _aCONTRIBUTORS -- FOREWORD -- PREFACE -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- ABOUT THE AUTHORS -- 1. ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF ENERGY -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Renewable Sources of Energy -- 1.3 Renewable Energy Versus Alternative Energy -- 1.4 Planning and Development of Integrated Energy -- 1.4.1 Grid-Supplied Electricity -- 1.4.2 Load -- 1.4.3 Distributed Generation -- 1.5 Renewable Energy Economics -- 1.5.1 Calculation of Electricity Generation Costs -- 1.6 European Targets for Renewables -- 1.6.1 Demand-Side Management Options -- 1.6.2 Supply-Side Management Options -- 1.7 Integration of Renewable Energy Sources -- 1.7.1 Integration of Renewable Energy in the United States -- 1.7.2 Energy Recovery Time -- 1.7.3 Sustainability -- 1.8 Modern Electronic Controls of Power Systems -- References -- 2. PRINCIPLES OF THERMODYNAMICS -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. State of a Thermodynamic System -- 2.3. Fundamental Laws and Principles -- 2.3.1 Example in a Nutshell -- 2.3.2 Practical Problems Associated with Carnot Cycle Plant -- 2.3.3 Rankine Cycle for Power Plants -- 2.3.4 Brayton Cycle for Power Plants -- 2.3.5 Energy and Power -- 2.4 Examples of Energy Balance -- 2.4.1 Simple Residential Energy Balance -- 2.4.2 Refrigerator Energy Balance -- 2.4.3 Energy Balance for a Water Heater -- 2.4.4 Rock Bed Energy Balance -- 2.4.5 Array of Solar Collectors -- 2.4.6 Heat Pump -- 2.4.7 Heat Transfer Analysis -- 2.5 Planet Earth: A Closed But Not Isolated System -- References -- 3. HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANTS -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Determination of the Useful Power -- 3.3 Expedient Topographical and Hydrological Measurements -- 3.3.1 Simple Measurement of Elevation -- 3.3.2 Global Positioning Systems for Elevation Measurement -- 3.3.3 Specification of Pipe Losses -- 3.3.4 Expedient Measurements of Stream Water Flow -- 3.3.5 Civil Works -- 3.4 Generating Unit -- 3.4.1 Regulation Systems -- 3.4.2 Butterfly Valves -- 3.5 Waterwheels -- 3.6 Turbines -- 3.6.1 Pelton Turbine -- 3.6.2 Francis Turbine -- 3.6.3 Michel-Banki Turbine.
505 8 _a3.6.4 Kaplan or Hydraulic Propeller Turbine -- 3.6.5 Deriaz Turbines -- 3.6.6 Water Pumps Working as Turbines -- 3.6.7 Specification of Hydro Turbines -- References -- 4. WIND POWER PLANTS -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Appropriate Location -- 4.2.1 Evaluation of Wind Intensity -- 4.2.2 Topography -- 4.2.3 Purpose of the Energy Generated -- 4.2.4 Means of Access -- 4.3 Wind Power -- 4.4 General Classification of Wind Turbines -- 4.4.1 Rotor Turbines -- 4.4.2 Multiple-Blade Turbines -- 4.4.3 Drag Turbines (Savonius) -- 4.4.4 Lifting Turbines -- 4.4.5 System TARP-WARP -- 4.4.6 Accessories -- 4.5 Generators and Speed Control Used in Wind Power Energy -- 4.6 Analysis of Small Generating Systems -- References -- 5. THERMOSOLAR POWER PLANTS -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Water Heating by Solar Energy -- 5.3 Heat Transfer Calculation of Thermally Isolated Reservoirs -- 5.4 Heating Domestic Water -- 5.5 Thermosolar Energy -- 5.5.1 Parabolic Trough -- 5.5.2 Parabolic Dish -- 5.5.3 Solar Power Tower -- 5.5.4 Production of Hydrogen -- 5.6 Economical Analysis of Thermosolar Energy -- References -- 6. PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PLANTS -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Solar Energy -- 6.3 Generation of Electricity by Photovoltaic Effect -- 6.4 Dependence of a PV Cell Characteristic on Temperature -- 6.5 Solar Cell Output Characteristics -- 6.6 Equivalent Models and Parameters for Photovoltaic Panels -- 6.6.1 Dark-Current Electric Parameters of a Photovoltaic Panel -- 6.6.2 Model of a PV Panel Consisting of n Cells in Series -- 6.6.3 Model of a PV Panel Consisting of n Cells in Parallel -- 6.7 Photovoltaic Systems -- 6.7.1 Illumination Area -- 6.7.2 Solar Modules and Panels -- 6.7.3 Aluminum Structures -- 6.7.4 Load Controller -- 6.7.5 Battery Bank -- 6.8 Applications of Photovoltaic Solar Energy -- 6.8.1 Residential and Public Illumination -- 6.8.2 Stroboscopic Signaling -- 6.8.3 Electric Fence -- 6.8.4 Telecommunications -- 6.8.5 Water Supply and Micro-Irrigation Systems -- 6.8.6 Control of Plagues and Conservation of Food and Medicine.
505 8 _a6.8.7 Hydrogen and Oxygen Generation by Electrolysis -- 6.8.8 Electric Power Supply -- 6.8.9 Security and Alarm Systems -- 6.9 Economical Analysis of Solar Energy -- References -- 7. POWER PLANTS WITH FUEL CELLS -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 The Fuel Cell -- 7.3 Commercial Technologies for Generation of Electricity -- 7.4 Practical Issues Related to Fuel Cell Stacking -- 7.4.1 Low- and High-Temperature Fuel Cells -- 7.4.2 Commercial and Manufacturing Issues -- 7.5 Constructional Features of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells -- 7.6 Constructional Features of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells -- 7.7 Water, Air, and Heat Management -- 7.8 :oad Curve Peak Shaving with Fuel Cells -- 7.8.1 Maximal Load Curve Flatness at Constant Output Power -- 7.8.2 Amount of Thermal Energy Necessary -- 7.9 Reformers, Electrolyzer Systems, and Related Precautions -- 7.10 Advantages and Disadvantages of Fuel Cells -- 7.11 Fuel Cell Equivalent Circuit -- 7.12 Practical Determination of the Equivalent Model Parameters -- 7.12.1 Example of Determination of FC Parameters -- 7.13 Aspects of Hydrogen as Fuel -- 7.14 Future Perspectives -- References -- 8. BIOMASS-POWERED MICROPLANTS -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Fuel from Biomass -- 8.3 Biogas -- 8.4 Biomass for Biogas -- 8.5 Biological Formation of Biogas -- 8.6 Factors Affecting Biodigestion -- 8.7 Characteristics of Biodigesters -- 8.8 Construction of Biodigester -- 8.8.1 Sizing a Biodigester -- 8.9 Generation of Electricity Using Biogas -- References -- 9. MICROTURBINES -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Princples of Operation -- 9.3 Microturbine Fuel -- 9.4 Control of Microturbines -- 9.4.1 Mechanical-Side Structure -- 9.4.2 Electrical-Side Structure -- 9.4.3 Control-Side Structure -- 9.5 Efficiency and Power of Microturbines -- 9.6 Site Assessment for Installation of Microturbines -- References -- 10. INDUCTION GENERATORS -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Principles of Operation -- 10.3 Representation of Steady-State Operation -- 10.4 Power and Losses Generated -- 10.5 Self-Excited Induction Generator.
505 8 _a10.6 Magnetizing Curves and Self-Excitation -- 10.7 Mathematical Description of the Self-Excitation Process -- 10.8 Interconnected and Stand-Alone Operation -- 10.9 Speed and Voltage Control -- 10.9.1 Frequency, Speed, and Voltage Controls -- 10.9.2 Load Control Versus Source Control for Induction Generators -- 10.9.3 The Danish Concept -- 10.9.4 Variable-Speed Grid Connection -- 10.9.5 Control by the Load Versus Control by the Source -- 10.10 Economical Aspects -- References -- 11. STORAGE SYSTEMS -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Energy Storage Parameters -- 11.3 Lead-Acid Batteries -- 11.3.1 Constructional Features -- 11.3.2 Battery Charge-Discharge Cycles -- 11.3.3 Operating Limits and Parameters -- 11.3.4 Maintenance of Lead-Acid Batteries -- 11.3.5 Sizing Lead-Acid Batteries for DG Applications -- 11.4 Ultracapacitors -- 11.4.1 Double-Layer Ultracapacitors -- 11.4.2 High-Energy Ultracapacitors -- 11.4.3 Applications of Ultracapacitors -- 11.5 Flywheels -- 11.5.1 Advanced Performance of Flywheels -- 11.5.2 Applications of Flywheels -- 11.5.3 Design Strategies -- 11.6 Superconducting Magnetic Storage System -- 11.6.1 SMES System Capabilities -- 11.6.2 Developments in SMES Systems -- 11.7 Pumped Hydroelectric Energy Storage -- 11.7.1 Storage Capabilities of Pumped Systems -- 11.8 Compressed Air Energy Storage -- 11.9 Storage Heat -- 11.10 Energy Storage as an Economic Resource -- References -- 12 INTEGRATION OF ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF ENERGY -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Principles of Power Injection -- 12.2.1 Converting Technologies -- 12.2.2 Power Converters for Power Injection into the Grid -- 12.2.3 Power Flow -- 12.3 Instantaneous Active and Reactive Power Control Approach -- 12.4 Integration of Multiple Renewable Energy Sources -- 12.4.1 DC-Link Integration -- 12.4.2 AC-Link Integration -- 12.4.3 HFAC-Link Integration -- 12.5 Islanding and Interconnection Control -- 12.6 DG Control and Power Injection -- References -- 13. DISTRIBUTED GENERATION -- 13.1 Introduction.
505 8 _a13.2 The Purpose of Distributed Generation -- 13.3 Sizing and Siting of Distributed Generation -- 13.4 Demand-Side Management -- 13.5 Optimal Location of Distributed Energy Sources -- 13.5.1 DG Influence on Power and Energy Losses -- 13.5.2 Estimation of DG Influence on Power Losses of Subtransmission Systems -- 13.5.3 Equivalent of Subtransmission Systems Using Experimental Design -- 13.6 Algorithm of Multicriterial Analysis -- References -- 14. INTERCONNECTION OF ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES WITH THE GRID (Benjamin Kroposki, Thomas Basso, Richard DeBlasio, and N. Richard Friedman) -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Interconnection Technologies -- 14.2.1 Synchronous Interconnection -- 14.2.2 Induction Interconnection -- 14.2.3 Inverter Interconnection -- 14.3 Standards and Codes for Interconnection -- 14.3.1 IEEE 1547 -- 14.3.2 National Electrical Code -- 14.3.3 UL Standards -- 14.4 Interconnection Considerations -- 14.4.1 Voltage Regulation -- 14.4.2 Integration with Area EPS Grounding -- 14.4.3 Synchronization -- 14.4.4 Isolation -- 14.4.5 Response to Voltage Disturbance -- 14.4.6 Response to Frequency Disturbance -- 14.4.7 Disconnection for Faults -- 14.4.8 Loss of Synchronism -- 14.4.9 Feeder Reclosing Coordination -- 14.4.10 DC Injection -- 14.4.11 Voltage Flicker -- 14.4.12 Harmonics -- 14.4.13 Unintentional Islanding Protection -- 14.5 Interconnection Examples for Alternative Energy Sources -- 14.5.1 Synchronous Generator for Peak Demand Reduction -- 14.5.2 Small Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System -- References -- 15. MICROPOWER SYSTEM MODELING WITH HOMER (Tom Lambert, Paul Gilman, and Peter Lilienthal) -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Simulation -- 15.3 Optimization -- 15.4 Sensitivity Analysis -- 15.4.1 Dealing with Uncertainty -- 15.4.2 Sensitivity Analyses on Hourly Data Sets -- 15.5 Physical Modeling -- 15.5.1 Loads -- 15.5.2 Resources -- 15.5.3 Components -- 15.5.4 System Dispatch -- 15.6 Economic Modeling -- References -- Glossary -- APPENDIX A: DIESEL POWER PLANTS.
505 8 _aA.1 Introduction -- A.2 Diesel Engine -- A.3 Principal Components of a Diesel Engine -- A.3.1 Fixed Parts -- A.3.2 Moving Parts -- A.3.3 Auxiliary Systems -- A.4 Terminology of Diesel Engines -- A.4.1 Diesel Cycle -- A.4.2 Combustion Process -- A.5 Diesel Engine Cycle -- A.5.1 Relative Diesel Engine Cycle Losses -- A.5.2 Classification of Diesel Engines -- A.6 Types of Fuel Injection Pumps -- A.7 Electrical Conditions of Generators Driven by Diesel Engines -- References -- APPENDIX B: GEOTHERMAL ENERGY -- B.1 Introduction -- B.2 Geothermal as a Source of Energy -- B.2.1 Geothermal Economics -- B.2.2 Geothermal Electricity -- B.2.3 Geothermal/Ground Source Heat Pumps -- References -- APPENDIX C: THE STIRLING ENGINE -- C.1 Introduction -- C.2 Stirling Cycle -- C.3 Displacer Stirling Engine -- C.4 Two-Piston Stirling Engine -- References -- INDEX.
506 1 _aRestricted to subscribers or individual electronic text purchasers.
520 _aA unique electrical engineering approach to alternative sources of energy Unlike other books that deal with alternative sources of energy from a mechanical point of view, Integration of Alternative Sources of Energy takes an electrical engineering perspective. Moreover, the authors examine the full spectrum of alternative and renewable energy with the goal of developing viable methods of integrating energy sources and storage efficiently. Readers become thoroughly conversant with the principles, possibilities, and limits of alternative and renewable energy. The book begins with a general introduction and then reviews principles of thermodynamics. Next, the authors explore both common and up-and-coming alternative energy sources, including hydro, wind, solar, photovoltaic, thermosolar, fuel cells, and biomass. Following that are discussions of microturbines and induction generators, as well as a special chapter dedicated to energy storage systems. After setting forth the fundamentals, the authors focus on how to integrate the various energy sources for electrical power production. Discussions related to system operation, maintenance, and management, as well as standards for interconnection, are also set forth. Throughout the book, diagrams are provided to demonstrate the electrical operation of all the systems that are presented. In addition, extensive use of examples helps readers better grasp how integration of alternative energy sources can be accomplished. The final chapter gives readers the opportunity to learn about the HOMER Micropower Optimization Model. This computer model, developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), assists in the design of micropower systems and facilitates comparisons of power generation techniques. Readers can download the software from the NREL Web site. This book is a must-read for engineers, consultants, regulators, and environmentalists involved in energy production and delivery, helping them evaluate alternative energy sources and integrate them into an efficient energy delivery system. It is also a superior textbook for upper-level undergraduates and graduate students.
530 _aAlso available in print.
538 _aMode of access: World Wide Web
588 _aDescription based on PDF viewed 12/29/2015.
650 0 _aPower resources.
650 0 _aRenewable energy sources.
655 0 _aElectronic books.
695 _aAnalytical models
695 _aBatteries
695 _aBiological system modeling
695 _aBiomass
695 _aBlades
695 _aCarbon dioxide
695 _aChemicals
695 _aCircuit faults
695 _aCogeneration
695 _aCombustion
695 _aComputational modeling
695 _aConverters
695 _aCooling
695 _aDiesel engines
695 _aEarth
695 _aElectricity
695 _aEntropy
695 _aEquations
695 _aFossil fuels
695 _aFuel cells
695 _aFuels
695 _aGenerators
695 _aGeothermal energy
695 _aGlobal Positioning System
695 _aHeat engines
695 _aHeat transfer
695 _aHeating
695 _aImpedance
695 _aIndexes
695 _aInduction generators
695 _aIntegrated circuit interconnections
695 _aInverters
695 _aLoad modeling
695 _aNatural gas
695 _aOptimization
695 _aPetroleum
695 _aPhotonics
695 _aPhotovoltaic cells
695 _aPhotovoltaic systems
695 _aPistons
695 _aPower conversion
695 _aPower generation
695 _aPower quality
695 _aPower system stability
695 _aPower systems
695 _aProduction
695 _aReactive power
695 _aReceivers
695 _aReliability
695 _aRenewable energy resources
695 _aReservoirs
695 _aResistance
695 _aResistance heating
695 _aRotors
695 _aSatellite broadcasting
695 _aSatellites
695 _aSensitivity analysis
695 _aShafts
695 _aSilicon
695 _aSolar energy
695 _aSolar heating
695 _aSolids
695 _aSprings
695 _aStator windings
695 _aStirling engines
695 _aSynchronous generators
695 _aTemperature
695 _aTemperature measurement
695 _aThermodynamics
695 _aTransportation
695 _aTurbines
695 _aVoltage control
695 _aWaste heat
695 _aWater heating
695 _aWater resources
695 _aWind power generation
695 _aWind speed
695 _aWind turbines
700 1 _aSimäoes, Marcelo Godoy.
710 2 _aJohn Wiley & Sons,
_epublisher.
710 2 _aNetLibrary, Inc.
710 2 _aIEEE Xplore (Online service),
_edistributor.
776 0 8 _iPrint version:
_z9780471712329
856 4 2 _3Abstract with links to resource
_uhttp://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/bkabstractplus.jsp?bkn=5201919
942 _cEBK
999 _c59284
_d59284